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What is Teerth: - Teerth is a way that helps to overcome the perpetual wheel of birth & death, to come out from the mesh of worldly affairs and to get free from mundane afflictions. All the 24 Teerthankaras have shown this way in practical in their life, by precepts (Education) delivered by them in Samavsharana. They are also called Jina, because they have won the Karma, both the external & internal �the Bhav Karma (affection & aversion, anger, proud, greed etc.) and attained the salvation, full and final liberation from world.
So the entire life of Jina & their precepts are also called Teerth.
In ‘Yuktyanushasan�Acharya Samantabhadra says that the Teerth of Jina is auspicious to all (Sarvodaya). He says in ‘Brihat Swayambhu Stotra�praying to Bhagwan Mallinath (The 19th Teerthankara) that your Teerth brings out all the living beings from the ocean of birth & death.
In the same way, the places related to the Garbha, Janma, Deeksha, Gyan (Jnan) & Moksha Kalyanakas of various Teerthankaras and places where an ascetic saint attained Kevalgyan or salvation are also called Teerth being sacred due to contact of those holy persons.
Acharya Vadeebha Singh Suri says that due to the contact of great persons places also becomes sacred. Such sacred places are called Teerths or Teerth Kshetras.
Reasons of establishment of the Teerths : - Teerthankaras and various ascetic saints have practiced penance, meditation, self-control etc. to get free from the worldly troubles of birth, old age & death and they show the path to world to get rid of these troubles.
In this way, those are well wishers of world without any reason or expectations. Only due to this reason they are called the headers of Moksha Marga (The path of salvation).
To show the gratefulness about their beneficence, to keep the spiritual event of that place in continuous memory and by all this, to experience the properties of those Teerthankaras and ascetic saints, a memorial is built there by their followers or devotees.
The feelings of gratefulness are the main reason in construction or establishment of all the Teerth Kshetras in the world.
Types of Teerths: - Jains accept the three types of Teerth Kshetras as under �lt;/strong>
1. Nirvan Kshetra or Siddha Kshetra �The places of salvation of any Teerthankara or an ascetic saint or more. In world preaches of all the sacred texts, Vrata, Tapa, penance, meditation; all are aimed to get freedom from world. This is the only & final object of human pursuit.
So the place of salvation becomes sacred. After salvation Gods of heaven (Dev) come there for worship. Indra (The King of heaven) makes a symbol at that place. Followers or devotees place the images of feet there to memorize the event.
Devotion & faith of public towards Nirvan Kshetras is always greater than other Teerth Kshetras.
Kailashgiri, Sammed Shikhar, Champapur, Pavapur, Girnargiri are the places of salvation related to Teerthankaras.
Mangi-Tungi, Sonagiri, Muktagiri etc. are other Nirvan Kshetras related to ascetic saints other than Teerthankaras.
2. Kalyanaka Kshetra �These are the places related to Garbha (Conception), Janma (Birth), Tapa / Deeksha (Accepting the penance), Gyan (Knowledge) Kalyanakas of Teerthankaras. Some of such places are Hastinapur, Ayodhya, Shauripur etc.
3. Atishaya Kshetra �lt;/strong> Such Teerth Kshetras where a miracle or wonder is happened or seen about the temple, idol or place are known as Atishaya Kshetra. Some of famous Atishaya Kshetras are Shri Mahaveerji, Tijara, Padampura, Hummacha, Gopachal, Khajuraho etc.
The places other than Nirvan Kshetra or Kalyanka Kshetra are all called Atishaya Kshetra.
In beginning, generally only the footprints or foot images were kept on Teerth Kshetras and one or two temples were built there. Later on the importance of temples felt more, so many temples were constructed at Teerth Kshetras. In ancient times Stoopa, Ayaga Patta, Dharma Chakra and Teerthankar idols with Ashta Pratiharya were built & installed there and they were supposed the unique & essential parts of Jain Art, after 11th-12th century these became uncommon. Now a day Teerthankara idols are carved alone, expressing the sentiments of eternal piece and non affection beautifully and in impressive manner.
Importance of Teerth Kshetras: - Digambar Jain Teerth Kshetras have a great existence in Indian Culture. Kalyanaka Kshetras related to Teerthankaras and salvation places of Teerthankaras & ascetic saints getting sacred by their Tapa (Penance) & practice of self-control are the symbols of ever existing faith in religion of Indian Public.
These Kshetras give the message of eternal piece and religiousness to human beings, who are trapped in the mesh of worldly affairs and troubles of life. Teerth gives the message of non-violence, truth, non attachment without speaking and thus brings the man on right path.
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